Cervical Cancer
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Cervical Cancer Doctor in Kolkata
Cervical cancer is a serious health condition that can affect women worldwide. It develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. This type of cancer is mainly caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection. While cervical cancer can be life-threatening, it is one of the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer if detected early. With the expertise of the cervical oncologist in Kolkata, you can get comprehensive care with the best treatment options and support.
What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer is identified by the abnormal growth of cells in the cervix. These abnormal cells can develop into cancer over time, particularly if left untreated. The disease is often classified into different types based on the cells affected, including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, each with distinct characteristics and behaviors. Understanding the type of cervical cancer is essential for choosing the appropriate treatment and management strategies.
Cervical Cancer Causes
The main cause of cervical cancer is constant infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). Most women will be exposed to HPV at some point in their lives, but only a small percentage will develop cervical cancer. Other factors that may increase the risk include:
- Women with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are at higher risk.
- Tobacco use is linked to several types of cancer, including cervical cancer.
- Studies suggest that long-term use of birth control pills may slightly increase the risk.
- Women who have had many pregnancies may be at an increased risk.
- A family history of cervical cancer may increase a woman’s risk.
Cervical Cancer Types
The types of cervical cancer include:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This type accounts for about 70-90% of cervical cancer cases. It begins in the squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells lining the cervix. Squamous cell carcinoma is often linked to persistent infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV).
Adenocarcinoma
This type originates in the glandular cells of the cervix, which produce mucus and other fluids. Adenocarcinoma represents a smaller percentage of cervical cancer cases but has been increasing in frequency in recent years.
Mixed Carcinoma
This type contains both squamous and glandular cells.
Small Cell Carcinoma
This is a rare and aggressive form that occurs in younger women.
Neuroendocrine Tumours
Another rare category that originates from neuroendocrine cells in the cervix.
Cervical Cancer Signs and Symptoms
In the cervical cancer early stage, symptoms can be unnoticeable, but regular screening is very essential. However, as the disease progresses, some common early-stage symptoms may include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding between periods or after intercourse.
- Unusual vaginal discharge that may be watery, pink, or foul-smelling.
- Pelvic pain or discomfort during intercourse.
- Changes in menstrual patterns.
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult a doctor immediately as timely diagnosis can lead to more effective treatment options.
Cervical Cancer Diagnosis
Diagnosis begins with a Pap test (Pap smear), which screens for precancerous changes in cervical cells. If abnormal cells are detected, further testing may include:
HPV Testing
To determine if high-risk HPV strains are present.
Colonoscopy
A procedure that uses a special magnifying instrument to examine the cervix.
Biopsy
A small tissue sample may be taken for laboratory analysis to confirm the presence of cancer.
Regular screening is essential as it can detect cervical cancer at an early and more treatable stage.
Cervical Cancer Treatment Options
Many women are curious to know whether cervical cancer is curable or not. Yes, it can be cured with proper treatment, but cervical cancer treatment depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient’s physical condition, and personal preferences. Some common treatment methods include:
Radiation Therapy
This treatment uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It may be used in combination with other treatments.
Chemotherapy
Some medications are used to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. Chemotherapy may be recommended for more advanced stages of cervical cancer.
Targeted Therapy
This involves using drugs that target specific pathways or proteins involved in cancer growth.
For more comprehensive treatment options, you need to consult the cervical oncologist in Kolkata.
Cervical cancer is a significant health issue, but it is also highly preventable and treatable, especially when detected early. Understanding the cervical cancer causes, recognizing its early symptoms, and participating in regular screenings can save lives. If you have concerns about your risk or symptoms, don’t hesitate to reach out.
Frequently Asked Questions
How to avoid cervical cancer?
To avoid cervical cancer, women should get regular Pap smears and HPV vaccinations, which can significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease. Practicing safe sex and maintaining a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and regular exercise can also contribute to lowering the risk.
What causes cervical cancer?
Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV types 16 and 18. Other factors that may increase the risk include smoking, having a weakened immune system, and long-term use of oral contraceptives. Regular screenings and vaccination against HPV can significantly reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer.
How to detect cervical cancer at home?
Detecting cervical cancer at home is not possible in the same way as clinical screenings. However, women can perform self-checks for unusual symptoms, such as unusual vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or changes in discharge, and report these to their doctor. Regular Pap smears and HPV testing are essential for early detection, so scheduling these screenings with a doctor is crucial.
What is the early warning of cervical cancer?
Early warning signs of cervical cancer may include unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after intercourse or between periods, pelvic pain, and changes in vaginal discharge. Other potential symptoms can include pain during sex and unexplained weight loss.
Is a cervical cancer test painful?
Cervical cancer tests, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, may cause some discomfort, but they are generally not considered painful. Patients might experience mild cramping or pressure during the procedure, similar to menstrual cramps. It’s important to communicate any discomfort with the doctor, who can help make the experience more comfortable.