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Sinus Cancer

Sinus Cancer Doctor in Kolkata
Home / Treatment / Head and Neck Cancer / Sinus Cancer

Sinus Cancer

Home / Treatment / Head and Neck Cancer / Sinus Cancer
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Sinus Cancer Doctor in Kolkata

Sinus cancer is a rare type of cancer that occurs in the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses, which are the hollow spaces around the nose. This cancer often originates in the lining of the sinuses or nasal cavity and can grow to invade nearby structures, including the eyes, mouth, and even brain tissues if not detected and treated early. Contact the sinus oncologist in Kolkata for timely diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Call - +919830474217
Symptoms of Sinus Cancer

Symptoms of Sinus Cancer

Common symptoms of Sinus Cancer include:

  • Persistent nasal congestion or blockage (usually on one side)
  • Nosebleeds
  • Facial pain or swelling
  • Reduced sense of smell
  • Vision changes
  • Lump or mass inside the nose or mouth

If you have experienced any of these signs, contact the sinus oncologist in Kolkata for immediate diagnosis and treatment.

Causes of Sinus Cancer

Sinus cancer can arise from several risk factors and underlying causes. Understanding these factors is crucial for prevention and early detection. Common causes include:

Tobacco Use

Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or using smokeless tobacco significantly increases the risk of developing sinus cancer.

Alcohol Consumption

Heavy and prolonged alcohol consumption is another major risk factor. Alcohol can irritate the mucous membranes of the throat and, when combined with tobacco use, the risk is even greater.

Chronic Sinus Infections and Inflammation

Chronic inflammation from repeated sinus infections or untreated sinusitis can increase the risk of cellular changes that may lead to cancer.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection

Certain strains of HPV, known for causing other cancers like cervical cancer, have been implicated in some cases of sinus and nasal cavity cancers. The virus can lead to changes in cell DNA, which can trigger abnormal growth.

Radiation Exposure

Previous radiation treatment to the head and neck for other conditions or cancers may increase the risk of developing sinus cancer.

Genetic Factors

While there’s no specific genetic mutation identified as a direct cause, a family history of cancers can sometimes predispose individuals to sinus cancer or other head and neck cancers.

Environmental Pollutants

Continuous exposure to polluted air, especially in highly industrialized areas, may also be a contributing factor.
Causes of Sinus Cancer
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Stages of Sinus Cancer

Stages of Sinus Cancer

Sinus cancer, like other cancers, is classified into stages based on the size of the tumour, its location, and whether it has spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant sites in the body.

Stage 0: Carcinoma in Situ

Abnormal cells are found in the lining of the sinus or nasal cavity but have not yet spread deeper or invaded surrounding tissues.

Stage I

The tumour is confined to the sinus and is relatively small, without spread to nearby bone, lymph nodes, or distant sites.

Stage II

The tumour has grown larger or has spread to nearby bones, such as the nasal cavity’s walls or surrounding bone structures.

Stage III

The tumour has either:

  • Invaded further into nearby bones or tissues, like the eye socket, or
  • Spread to a nearby lymph node (often still smaller than 3 cm).

Stage IV

Stage IV is further divided into subcategories (IV A, IV B, IV C) based on the extent of spread:

  • Stage IVA:

    The tumour has invaded deeper structures (like the skin, the orbit of the eye, or the base of the skull) and may involve lymph nodes larger than 3 cm but not larger than 6 cm.

  • Stage IVB:

    The tumour may involve critical structures, like the brain or the deeper parts of the skull, and could have spread to multiple lymph nodes or larger lymph nodes.

  • Stage IVC:

    The cancer has spread to distant organs, such as the lungs, or other parts of the body.

Diagnosis of Sinus Cancer

Diagnosis of Sinus Cancer

The following steps are involved in the diagnostic process of Sinus Cancer:

Medical History and Symptoms Review

  • The doctor will begin by taking a detailed medical history, including any symptoms you may be experiencing.
  • A discussion about risk factors, such as tobacco and alcohol use, and any family history of cancer will also be important.

Nasal Endoscopy

A nasal endoscopy allows the doctor to visually inspect the nasal cavity and sinuses using a thin, flexible tube with a camera (endoscope). This procedure can help identify any abnormal growths or areas that may need further examination.

Imaging Tests

  • CT Scan (Computed Tomography):

    This scan provides detailed cross-sectional images and is particularly useful for identifying the tumour’s size, location, and any bone involvement.

  • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging):

    MRI is often used to look at soft tissue structures and can help distinguish between cancer and benign sinus conditions. It’s especially useful for examining tumours close to the eyes or brain.

  • PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography):

    A PET scan may be ordered if there’s a need to check for potential spread of the cancer to other parts of the body.

PET/CT Scans

A biopsy involves removing a small tissue sample from the tumour or suspicious area for laboratory analysis. A pathologist will examine the tissue under a microscope to confirm whether cancer cells are present and to determine the cancer type.

Types of Biopsies :

  • Endoscopic Biopsy:

    During a nasal endoscopy, a tissue sample is collected from abnormal areas.

  • Needle Biopsy:

    If the tumour is accessible, a thin needle may be used to collect tissue.

Treatments of Sinus Cancer

The sinus oncologist in Kolkata will first evaluate your condition and suggest a treatment accordingly. Common Sinus Cancer treatments are as follows:

Radiation Therapy

  • External Beam Radiation:

    High-energy beams are directed at the tumour to destroy cancer cells. It may be used as a primary treatment or as an adjuvant therapy to eliminate cancer cells.

  • Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT):

    IMRT delivers precise doses to minimise damage to surrounding healthy tissue, which is critical for head and neck cancers.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy and radiation are sometimes combined (chemoradiation) to enhance the effectiveness of both treatments.

Targeted Therapy

These therapies focus on certain genetic or molecular targets in cancer cells. While not as commonly used, targeted therapies may be considered depending on the tumour’s characteristics.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is emerging as a potential option, especially for advanced cases, by enhancing the body’s immune response against cancer cells.
Treatments of Sinus Cancer
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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the symptoms of stage 3 sinus cancer?

Symptoms of stage 3 sinus cancer may include significant nasal obstruction, persistent facial pain or swelling, ear pain, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and unexplained weight loss. At this stage, cancer may have spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.

Can you die from sinus cancer?

Yes, sinus cancer can be life-threatening, particularly if it is diagnosed at an advanced stage or if it metastasizes to other parts of the body. Early detection and treatment significantly improve the prognosis.

Are there any preventive measures for sinus cancer?

While there are no guaranteed preventive measures, reducing risk factors can help. This includes avoiding tobacco use, limiting alcohol consumption, practising good oral hygiene, and protecting against exposure to harmful chemicals or toxins in the workplace. Regular check-ups can help detect any abnormalities early.

How can I manage symptoms during treatment for sinus cancer?

Managing symptoms during treatment may involve pain relief medications, nasal saline rinses, and nutritional support. Patients may also benefit from working with speech therapists and dietitians to address any swallowing or communication issues resulting from treatment.

What is the prognosis for someone diagnosed with sinus cancer?

The prognosis for sinus cancer varies significantly based on factors such as the type of cancer, stage at diagnosis, and the patient’s overall health. Early-stage cancers have a better prognosis than those diagnosed at later stages. Regular follow-up care is essential for monitoring and managing any potential recurrence.